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Be aware of the law about discrimination.
With support from the student union, student welfare officer, or other well-informed support person, find out what your university's policies are in this area; and find out what the right procedures are to follow. Ensure that you follow these. If points below contradict the procedure, follow the procedure!
Decide whether the situation is worth acting on. This must be a personal decision; it could be stressful and you might not get the result that you want.
In any case, arm yourself with good communication skills, and practice them. You will have most success if you are not confrontational, but you are confident.
Consider whether this could be handled informally on the spot the next time it happens: either with humour if appropriate, or with some other strategy.
If that doesn't stop the behaviour, or it is too serious or persistent for that, but you don't want to take formal action (yet), you could ask for a meeting with your lecturer. Take someone with you. Say explicitly the behaviours or utterances that cause you distress, say how they make you feel, and explain why if necessary. Suggest what you would like them to do or say instead.
If they have an alternative explanation for their behaviour, listen carefully and with an open mind. It might be that you have misread the situation or their intentions. If so, apologise and turn the meeting to a more positive note. If they apologise or agree to the change you request, end the meeting on a positive note by thanking them for their understanding.
If they become aggressive, insulting, or otherwise react badly, note what they say and draw the meeting to a close. Decide if you would like to take it further through another channel, bearing in mind the University's procedures.
Case study: seeking support
I have frequently felt that a certain member of staff has misguided views of Muslims and Islam. She often talks about young girls being forced to wear hijab and get married, that the Muslim community is backward and that her experience as a counsellor supports her claim. Not only did I feel that she is exaggerating and generalising, but also that I personally knew my friends went to her claiming they had problems when they actually only wanted extensions for their essays. At that time I was working with the Chaplain of the university on an interfaith project so I felt we had enough trust and a relationship for me to express my feelings about the counsellor. However, after I spoke out he told me that he and the counsellor were very good friends and colleagues. It was at that point when I felt that I made a mistake. I don't really know if he told her or not, but he definitely did not help me or advise me on how I could handle the situation.